Pronoun
Pronoun adalah
kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan noun (kata
benda) yang dapat berupa orang, benda, hewan, tempat, dan konsep abstrak. Pronoun merupakan
satu dari delapan part of
speech.
Macam-macam Pronoun
Macam-macam pronoun beserta
penjelasan singkat dan contohnya adalah sebagai berikut :
Macam Pronoun
|
Penjelasan
|
Contoh
|
Personal Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti untuk orang, hewan, benda, atau
hal secara spesifik. Bentuk kata ganti ini tergantung pada peran (subject,
object, possessive), jumlah, orang ke-, dan gender dari noun yang
digantikan.
|
I, you, us, them, its
|
Demonstrative Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti yang menggunakan
parameter number (jumlah) dan distance (jarak).
|
this, that, these, those
|
Interrogative Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti yang digunakan untuk
mengajukan pertanyaan.
|
Who is that man?
(Siapa lelaki itu?) |
Relative Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti yang biasanya
digunakan untuk memperkenalkan relative
clause yang menerangkan noun.
|
The packet, which was sent a week ago, has received.
(Paket tersebut, yang dikirim seminggu lalu, telah diterima.) |
Indefinite Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti untuk orang, benda,
atau hal secara umum atau tidak spesifik.
|
anything, everything, none
|
Reflexive Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan bahwa subjek menerima aksi dari verb (reciprocal
action) pada suatu clause atau kalimat.
|
I‘m going to buy myself new jeans.
(Saya akan membeli celana jins.) |
Intensive Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti yang digunakan untuk memberikan
penekanan pada noun yang mendahuluinya.
|
I myself promise not to corrupt the project.
(Saya berjanji tidak akan mengorupsi proyek tersebut.) |
Reciprocal Pronoun
|
Merupakan kata ganti yang digunakan pada kondisi
ketika dua atau lebih subjek melakukan aksi yang sama satu sama lain.
|
each other, one another
|
Tenses
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a.
Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan
yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Contoh kalimat :
(+) They are studying English now.
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) They aren’t studying English now.
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
(?) Is she going to market now?
c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna
Sekarang)
Contoh kalimat:
(+) I have gone.
(+) They have done
(-) I haven’t gone.
(-)They haven’t done.
(?) Have I gone ?
(?) Have they done ?
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Sempurna Sekarang)
Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since
evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three
days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Contoh :
(+) I saw a good film last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) I saw not a good film last night
(-) He came not last month
(?) Saw I a good film last night
(?) Came He here last month
b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Lampau)
Contoh :
(+)
He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television
all afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met
him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon
last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him
c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my
motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted
my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother
arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?
d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had
been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father
hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?
3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang
Sederhana)
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day
after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?
b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Akan Datang)
Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?
c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan
Datang)
Contoh :
(+) Bily will have done his work by the end of
this week.
(+) By next week I shall have read this book.
(-) Bily will haven’t done his work by the end
of this week.
(-) By next week I shall haven’t read this book.
(?) Will Billy have done his work by the end of
this week ?
(?) Shall I have read this book by next week ?
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu
Lampau)
Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan
Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Contoh
:
(+) I should be swimming at this time the
following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time
the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock
tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the
following day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah
Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies
hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of
this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his
darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end
of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling
?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of
this week ?
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)
Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for
two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking
here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English
for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking
here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking
English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking
here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have bee?
Source:
http://harmansusanto.tripod.com/tenses.html
http://www.wordsmile.com/pronoun-introduction
